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White massacre
The White Massacre was an engagement between American settlers and a band of Utes and Jicarilla Apaches that occurred in northeastern New Mexico on October 28, 1849.〔Rajtar, Steve, ‘’Indian War Sites: A Guidebook to Battlefield, Monuments and Memorials, State by State with Canada and Mexico’’, McFarland & Company, Jefferson North Carolina, 1999 p, 159〕 In October, 1849, James White, a merchant who plied his trade between Independence, Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico, was traveling west with a wagon train led by a well known wagon master, Francois X. Aubrey. After the wagon train passed what was considered the dangerous part of the trip, it encamped. White, "a veteran of the trail", along with his wife Ann and baby daughter and "negro servant";〔Duffus, R.L. ‘’The Santa Fe Trail’’ University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 1975, 1930, 1975 edition p. 231〕 a German named Lawberger, and several others decided to separate from the train and advance to Santa Fe alone. After a few days of traveling by themselves, they paused at a well known landmark called the Point of Rocks,〔Tiller, Veronica E. Velarde, ‘’The Jicarilla Apache Tribe: A History, 1846-1970’’, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 1983 pp. 34-35〕 between Rock Creek and the Whetstone Branch.〔Davis, W.W.W., "El Gringo:Or New Mexico and Her People'', Harper & Brothers, New York, 1857, p. 44〕 Neither of the two locations can be located on a modern New Mexico map, but the Whetstone can be found on an 1876 map of New Mexico.
==Massacre==
On October 27 the group was approached by a band of Jicarillas and Utes, who, according to the natives' later account, asked for presents. They were driven away from the camp, but returned again to ask, and their request received the same response. The third time they returned attacked the settlers. All except Ann White, her child and her servant were killed. Some of the attackers left with their prisoners while the others hid around what was left of the wagons. Shortly after a group of Mexicans came upon the scene. As they began to pick through what was left of the wagon train the Apaches and Utes attacked them, killing or driving them away, but leaving a wounded Mexican boy. He was eventually discovered by a group of Americans who first raised the alarm about the massacre.〔Davis, W.W.W., "El Gringo:Or New Mexico and Her People'', Harper & Brothers, New York, 1857, pp. 44-46〕 Soldiers arrived at the site and buried the dead, who had, in an unusual turn, not been scalped. When Aubry heard of the murders he offered a $1,000 reward for the return of Mrs. White.〔Sides, Hampton, ‘’Blood and Thunder: An Epic of the American West’’ Doubleday, New York, 2006, p. 247-248〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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